第14章 佃农理论英语原著 8
- 作者:张五常
- 类型:综合其他
- 更新时间:2021-07-04 15:13:56
- 章节字数:5816字
[1].ThelandlaweffectiveinTaiwaninthepostwarperiodbutbeforethelandreformwasthesameasthatpromulgatedbytheChineseNationalGovernmentinJune30,1930,enforcedMarch1,1936,andamendedApril29,,theChineselandlayprovision,therewasnosubstanti,LandReforminTaiwan,pp.,RulesandRegulationsofLandAdministration(China:NationalGovernment,1947).
[2].JCRR,”AnnualReports,”www.youxs.org.
[3].Wemayregardarightasalimitedauthoritytomakedecisionsaboutresources;thatdecisionauthorityusuallyhasapositivepresentvalue.
[4].Toavoidambiguities,wemaysimplyregard”labor”and”capital”asphysicalinputentities.
[5].,”mineralsattachedtoanylandshallnotbeeprivateproperty,evenifprivateownershipofthesaidlandhasbeendulyacquired”(www.youxs.org).
[6].Transferstoalienswererestricted.
[7].
[8].Chen,RecordsofTaiwanLandReform,www.youxs.org.
[9].,”TheProblemofSocialCost,”TheJournalofLawandEconomics(October,1960);,”SomeEconomicsofPropertyRights,”mimeographed(SantaMonica:TheRandCorporation,1963).
www.youxs.org
Inthionstraintsofprivatepropertyrightsinafreemarket,thatis,,eachcontracti,azerocostofcontractingisassumed.[1]
www.youxs.org
Infigure1,theabscissaoftheverticalsupplycurve,-5,,,
,diminishesashincreases,holdingthefarminginputsofonetenant(oronetenantfamily),thatis,r=www.youxs.org,
r,isat60percentof.
Theverticaldistancebetween
and
risthemarginaltenantine,
(1-r),definedasth
and
rrepresentsthetotalfarminginereceivedbythetenant,andtheareabelow
,hewillstayinfarmingandwilluseallthelandavailabletohimonthisfarmaslongasthemarginalproductivityoflandisgreaterthanzero,,thelandownerwillraisetherentalpercentage-thusthe
rcurve-untilthetenantsinefromfarmingequalshisalternativeearning.
However,therentalpercentageis,verticallinesT1,T2,T3……aredividinglinesofplotsoflandtothefirst,second,,themarginalproductoflandshiftsupwardrelativetothesituationwherethereisonlyonetenant.
……arethemarginalproductivitiesoflandforeachtenant,and
r,
r,……aretherespectivemarginalcontractrentcurvesforeachtenant.[2]Theineforeachtenantisrepresentedbytheareabetweentherespective
and
rcurvesforthetenant.
Tomaximizehiswealth,thelandownerwillmaximizethediffer-encebetweentheintegralofthemarginalproductivitiesoflandandtheintegralofthetenantsines,,iveearning.
Astheareaoflandassignedtoeachtenantbeessmaller,however,therentalpercentagethelandlordchargesmustbelowerforthetenanttoobtainhisalternativeearning,whichcallsforadecreaseinmarginalcontractrent,
r,
rwillleadtoalowerrentreceivedfromeachtenant,andifthelandsizepertenantcontinuestodecrease,therentalpercent:Maximizationofthelandownerswealth,givenhistotallandholdingsandthecostoftenantinputs,requiresthesimult,withprivatepropertyrightsoverlandandtenantinputresources,thetermsinasharecontractmutuallyagreeduponbythelandownerandthetenantwillincludetherentalpercentageandtheratioofnonlandtolandinputthatareconsistentwithequilibrium.
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